Psychological Profile Roderick Usher Essay Example

Psychological Profile: Roderick Usher Paper The Fall Of The House Of Usher is a morbid melancholy story, common to the style of Edgar Allan Poe, whose works frequently incorporated death. The story is focused upon Roderick Usher, the last remaining heir to a wealthy family. Roderick was a hypochondriac who had an acuteness of touch, smell and taste, which could not handle bright lights. We are given an insight into the last days of Roderick through â€Å"his friend† who has been invited to stay. In those last days, the narrator (Roderick’s friend) describes Roderick to the reader, depicting his many states, moods, and actions. The story ends in the tragic death of Roderick and his twin sister Lady Madeline who, although is largely gone unmentioned throughout the story, plays a role in Roderick’s death. To get an insight into the Psychological mindset of Roderick, all one has to do is read the first two pages of the story. The clear description of the house of Usher, which is Metaphorically, linked directly to how Roderick is perceived throughout the story, given to us by the narrator. As soon as the story starts, its clear that there is a very dark depressing theme. The narrator describes the setting as â€Å"Dull, dark, soundless day †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ When the clouds hung oppressively low†. After establishing the mood, the reader is then introduced to the focus of the story. The House of Usher, â€Å"the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit†. The story then goes on in a more in-depth description of how the house appears to look and the types of feelings it arises within the narrator. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Profile: Roderick Usher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Profile: Roderick Usher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Profile: Roderick Usher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reason for the focus into the actual house of Usher instead of leaping into the introduction of Roderick himself is because of two things: Firstly, by capturing a clear idea of the area, of the house and its â€Å"bleak walls† we get a sense of the person(s) that inhabit the place. The place where one lives always represents the type of people that liven within it. You wouldn’t find Roderick Usher living in a newly built mansion, with its majestic view, which would stop people in their tracks because that does not in anyway fit his character. Secondly, Roderick and the house, throughout the story are linked so closely together to one another, that it is almost like they are one. When describing the feelings that the house represented the narrator comparing them â€Å"to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after dream of the reveler upon opium – the bitter lapse into everyday life†. The reference is to something that happens to living things, which in a sense brings the House alive, representing Roderick. Roderick Usher is a lonely man, a man of ill mental health. When we are introduced to the â€Å"master† of the house, he is much like the house he is living in. Quite old, with many cracks in the walls but continues to weather the test of time, although slowly rotting away. Roderick is a hypochondriac; this is mentioned several times throughout the story as one of his illnesses. He also â€Å"suffered from a morbid acuteness of the senses†. Like the house that he prevails in, Roderick might seem to be standing up right, been able to function, but inside he was dying. Opium is mentioned again throughout the story, but this time in direct reference to Roderick describing him as having â€Å"periods of his most intense excitement† The high point of the drug, It gives a strong hint that Roderick is living in his own reality, with little notice of the world around him, only when he comes out of the high, when he is back down to the depressing lows. Been primarily trapped inside his house it is easy to see how this would happen to a man such as Roderick. The narrator himself has obtained the thought that been inside the house, around Roderick, never going anywhere, been confined to the very few things that were on offer, he was to thinking that he was loosing his mind. Been the Heir to a wealthy family Roderick was a smart man, been able to read in many languages, having the ability to play the guitar, to draw, and write. On of â€Å"rhapsodies†, which is mentioned in the book called â€Å"the Haunted Palace† shows very strongly that although Roderick is mentally ill, he understands the situation that he has been placed in. The rhapsodies starts of with a wealthy family, all is well, before it descends into darkness. â€Å"But evil things, in robes of sorrow, assailed the monarch’s high estate† Whilst reading this part there are two ways you can interpret it. One was that been the only remaining Heir in the family, with no prospects of been able to expand, the Usher family tree was coming to an end, hence the â€Å"sorrow†. The other is a possible mention of Lady Madeline who is diagnosed with an unknown â€Å"disease† and was also dying. Lady Madeline’s death is treated in a rather peculiar way. Roderick’s nervousness and handling of the situation suggests that he knew the truth about her all along. That she hadn’t died when he had stated she did, but was rather in a hurry to be rid of her, for she was only weighing down his few spirits. Seeing her in the state she was, a mere ghost walking around the house. After been placed in her tomb, Roderick had â€Å"assumed, if possible, a more ghastly hue† pacing his house without attending to his regular hobbies, such as playing the guitar and singing. He was been troubled by what he had done, and now was fearful of what will be of him, for a hypochondriac this is especially intense. The final night of Roderick’s life, the man literally comes alive. The uncanny readings of his friend at the exact moments of the sounds that were heard as Lady Madeline, poetically speaking, rises from her entombment to come for her revenge of the brother who tried to dispose of her. Before the last moments as Lady Madeline was approaching the room of Roderick and his friend, Roderick has become a madman. His death, rather strange and somewhat unexplainable ends the legacy of a family forever. As the Man had died, so was the house destroyed by the storm on that very night. After all Roderick Usher and the House were metaphorically speaking as one body. The fall of the house of Usher was just, for now that the â€Å"master† has perished, the Usher dynasty has come to a bitter end, and with it so does the house of Usher. Roderick Usher was a man trapped within his own self, trapped in his own reality. The House had overpowered him, and with his only real close friend, who had not seen him since they had been children Roderick was alone. His sister lady Madeline was the walking dead in a sense. Alone in his house, the house that had raised many before him, was solely his. Solitude is one of man’s most feared enemies. For it cannot be thought physically, but mentally. It will slowly eat away at you like a bug. For when you are utterly alone, nothing, no one is there to save you. Roderick Usher had the â€Å"desire† to see his friend. I think that taking in all that happens throughout the story with Lady Madeline and Roderick’s unforeseen death. It could be said that this â€Å"desire† for Roderick to see his friend was only there so he could be comforted in his last days of life. Having lived most of it in solitude, it was his wish to not die in solitude. Roderick knew that although he could have his doctors attempt to find a cure for Lady Madeline it was hopeless, much like most things within his house. It is also possible that Roderick wanted a witness to all that was happening in last few days of life, to forever pass on the legend of the House of Usher since Roderick could not himself, extend his family tree, to keep the Usher name alive he could at least pass on a memory of his life to his only friend. Roderick Usher’s mental illness seized most power within him, but he was still able to think, to understand. This would have possibly driven further into insanity knowing what was occurring to him and around him. Death comes to all, it is a certainty to life, but few who are lucky, will forever leave legend in their place. Roderick Usher in his last few days of life left a legend to be told. Bibliography Fall of the house of Usher and other writings, Edgar Allan Poe, Penguin books published 2003

Pharohs Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Amarna Period

Pharohs Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies, Amarna Period Pharohs Three important pharaohs are Thutmose III, Nefertiti and Senusret III. Thutmose III lived from 3429 to 3375, died when he was 54 years old. Thutmose was probably the most interesting one of all them being that he never lost a battle. He was a great Egyptian ruler. Along with being a great ruler he was also a great horseman, archer and a good athlete. He built the temple of Amun at Karnak. Thutmoses mother, Hatshesut took the throne from him. Although after his mother died Thutmose went around taking everything that his mothers name was on off and replacing hers with his. Thutmose was faced with two people they were called Princes of Kadesh and Megiddo. The both of them put together had a very large and strong army. Thutmose immediatley set out with his army. Thutmose and his army crossed the Sinai dessert. They then marched into the city of Gaza. Thutmose's private secretary, Tjaneni kept records of everything that happened which was later copied and engraved on the walls of the temple of Karnak. Many people claimed that Thutmose was a smart person of his time. Many people even called him a genius. He understood alot of things that many others didn't. He understood the logistics and lines of supply. Another thing he knew that others didn't, he was probably the first person to realize and actually use the sea-power with his army men. Thutmose conducted sixteen army men in Syria, Nubia and in Palestine. Thutmose was a national hero who was remembered way after his death. Thutmose has had some of the most powerful nations. Another important pharaoh was Nefertiti. Little is know about Nefertiti. What we do know is that she was the wife to Akhenaten which was during the eighteenth dynasty. Some debate still remains on whether Nefertiti was the actual mother of Akhenaten and also his wife at the same time. The time when Akhenaten ruled, the religion changed alot. With the religion changing the people left behind the old gods. They then believed in heresy. It was wondered if it was Nefertitis descision or if it was Akhenatens to have a religion reform. Akhenaten was appointed on her outside of the family. As a result after appointment to position of queen of Mamphis, Nefertit disappeared. It was assumed by many people that Nefertit was either banished or was dead. Although little evidence actually shows she died. Nefertiti was probably one of the best known queens of Egypt. Nefertiti was in many paintings and art work on monuments.Many people claim that she was a very beautiful person. There is no written record of her birth or death. Another important pharaoh is Senusret III. Senusret III was also known as Sesostris III and Senwosret III. Senusret was the 5th king of the 12th Dynasty. he ruled for 37 years following his fathers death. It was believed that Senusret was 6'6' feet tall. Senusret was a great builder and a skilled military trooper One of his many building projects was a temple that was built in the honor of the war god Montu. Senusret built the largest pyramid of the 12th Dynasty at Dahshur. The bad thing is that there isn't much left to see of it because it is falling apart. Senusret led many army's to Nubia and to Syria. The one to Syria was believed to only be to look over the land. Senusret was later in his life worshipped as a god in Nubia. No one knows exactly why people worshipped him. There is no written record of when he died or even how he died Bibliography internet

Wrapping Things Up and Rapping Things Up

Wrapping Things Up and Rapping Things Up Wrapping Things Up and â€Å"Rapping Things Up† Wrapping Things Up and â€Å"Rapping Things Up† By Maeve Maddox In commenting on a post about wracking vs racking, reader MsB requested a post on the words wrap and rap, as in wrapping things up or rapping things up. A web search reveals numerous occurrences of the expression â€Å"rapping things up,† used deliberately in a punning sense in connection with rap music. Many more, however, are unintentional errors for the term wrapping things up in the sense of â€Å"bringing things to a conclusion.† Video headline on facebook Rapping Things Up (The topic seems to be the close of a family event in a park. The narrator begins the video by saying that his purposes is â€Å"to w/rap things up.†) Comment on a television fan site Flash Forward is hopefully rapping things up this season and not leaving a cliffhanger the end of the season. Comments on a television fan site What did you think of [Patriots and Tyrants]? I think they did an amazing job rapping things up in such a short time. Computer instruction article In rapping things up i want to say that i hope this tutorial has helped you guys who are new to flash and know nothing about it. Article offering tips for writing term papers on an official university site (!) You are done providing new information in support of your thesis and are rapping things up. In its literal sense, the verb to wrap means To cover, enwrap, or swathe (a person or part of the body) by enfolding in a cloth or the like; in later use esp., to envelop or enshroud with a garment; to attire, garb, clothe in an enfolding garment. Occas. refl. Also with advs., as about, around, round. OED The verb, derived from a word meaning â€Å"to turn† or â€Å"to wind,† was in use in the early 14th century. The noun wrap is recorded in the early 15th century. The sense of â€Å"woman’s garment† is recorded from 1827. The film expression, â€Å"It’s a wrap,† appeared in print in 1974. Expressions with wrap: wrap it up: to bring to a conclusion. The lecturer wrapped up his remarks with an amusing anecdote. wrap it up: to shut up. I wish that boring speaker would wrap it up! wrap something around: to crash a vehicle into a stationary object. Jackson wrapped his new BMW around a utility post. a wrap: a finished process. O.K, everybody, that’s a wrap! under wraps: in concealment. The producer is keeping the subject of the new series under wraps until he’s sure of funding. The word rap will get a post of its own. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MARKETING - Essay Example Market trends, market environment analysis, competitor analysis has conducted to understan the market situation. Based on these analysis a SWOT analysis on Grameenphone (GP) has done. And to the end some recommendation has given with indicating the appropriate strategy. Access to the Internet is creating a new distinction in society. Those who have access to the Internet have access to all kinds of information. This puts them into an advantageous position in society, vis-Ã  -vis others who do not have such access. Internet access is built upon the basic telecom network. While the telecom infrastructure in advanced countries is well developed, allowing them to move rapidly towards universal telecom and Internet access, the infrastructure in Bangladesh is very poor and inadequate. Like other developing countries, Bangladesh is facing the question of how best to develop its telecommunications and information infrastructure to provide access to "advanced" telecommunications and information services in order to remain competitive in the world of information technology. There is a tremendous amount of potential for growth in areas like fixed wireless networks, optical fiber networks, cable networks, Internet telephony, etc. (to name a few) in Bangladesh . This paper addresses the concerns and prospects of growth in telecommunication infrastructure in Bangladesh. Bangladesh, future targets and methods of attracting finance. The sector, particularly which of mobile phones, is one of the fastest growing areas of the economy. The growth potentials will continue to remain robust for the foreseeable future. The existing Cellular phone companies in Bangladesh are CityCell (Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited), GrameenPhone Ltd., AkTel Ltd., Banglalink and TeleTalk. Among these company GrameenPhone, AkTel, Banglalink and TeleTalk adopted GSM technology and

Constitution cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitution cafe - Essay Example The discussions are based on Thomas Jefferson, a radical who held the belief that there was the need to keep on revising the Constitution. As outlined in the book, periodic amendment of the Constitution can be regarded as essential since it keeps the constitution in line with the changing times. Phillips contends that the Constitution has become an immutable as well as a sacred text, which needs some shaking up or some review (Phillips 1–336). In the book, Phillips argues that respect of the United States’ Constitution forms a key phenomenon of modern political life in America. According to Phillips, the Constitution is the basis upon which the rights of the U.S. citizens can be understood. Across the political spectrum, it has become the last argument of politicians and the secular scripture has it as the moral gravity. The book explains the desire of the third American president, Thomas Jefferson, that Americans should rewrite the Constitution after every twenty years in order to enable them to meet their needs. The radical ideas of Jefferson are put to the test by Phillips, who asks Americans to create a new Constitution that will serve their needs (Phillips 1–336). Throughout the book, the main idea that Phillips strives to pass focuses on how the American public could rewrite the United States’ Constitution. The book involves a series of discussions, which engage various groups coming together and focussing on various Articles and Amendments. For example, there are teenagers who talk about the amendment of age at which people should vote, and lawyers discussing the patent clause. Each of the groups involved comes up with new Articles, which have the aim of redressing problems of the existent Constitution. The author also discusses the historical interludes regarding the conflicts among the Founding Fathers; this highlights the compromises as well as difficulties that were needed in 1783 (Phillips 1–336). In the book, Phillips portrays

The Odyssey Essay Example for Free

The Odyssey Essay The passage that Homer exquisitely wrote in The Odyssey was in Book 5, lines 309-323. Homers techniques established an image that could never be forgotten. In this passage, Odysseus was being dragged down to the sea by Poseidon. The sea god was furious that all the other gods were in his favor. Odysseus talked to himself and wondered out loud, Rag of man that I am, is this the end of me? (V, 309) Irony was a method Homer utilized to convey the message of helplessness. Odysseus has used trickery and deception during his Journey. The sneaky hero went under disguise as a beggar with rags. The great, humble man categorized himself to the lowest position. Its intriguing when Odysseus seems to regret and reflect about the past- lucky those Danaans were who perished should have had a soldiers burial and praise from the Akhaians-not this choking waiting for me at sea, unmarked and lonely. (V, 316-323) Odysseus doesnt seem to be afraid of death. He does not ask for Poseidons forgiveness. The only thing he regrets the most is being unable to be recognized for his accomplishments. Usually, Odysseus is the victor of his odyssey. Now, he has lost control to the waters. To exemplify the mood, Homer inserted caesuras. The section Would God l, too, had died there-met my end (V, 317) is heart-wrenching. When I read this sentence, I had to hold my breath for the long pause. Odysseus sounded as if he was reflecting what could have been in a different scenario. Another event that was potentially touching was in Book 23, lines 258-264. The passage wasnt sappy. Penelope was filled with suspense after dealing with the foolish suitors in the past. She said, mfou make my stiff heart know that I am yours. (XXIII, 258) It wasnt her fault she could not trust Odysseus at first. When she had an epiphany and trusted Odysseus, they melted into each others arms. Their longing for each other had been quenched at last. Homer provided a brief recap of Odysseus adventures preceding his arrival in Ithaka- a swimmer spent in rough water where his ship went down under Poseidons blows, gale winds and tons of sea. (XXIII, 263-266) Although this passage was relieving, the passage where Odysseus was in a errifying situation had more zest. This piece had Odysseus at his weakest. He was on his own, worried about not being found. While Odysseus contemplated, there were no gods present to assist him yet; he would have to use his clever abilities to think of a way to survive. Although its common to find instances where Odysseus is the supreme leader and in control, its rare to see Odysseus break down. Odysseus broke away from his impassive armor in both passages. However, when Odysseus is alone, the reader truly understands Odysseus true self. Odysseus reflection (V, 309-323) included a major theme of The Odyssey- loneliness. Each character had a need for others and a home. Penelope cried over her missing husband, Telemakhos has only heard of the great legends of his father, and Odysseus mother died because of her son. Mortals are not the only group that can feel forsaken or alone. Gods/immortals can feel that way, too. Calypso, the sea nymph, was furious at the gods for taking away Odysseus from her. She claimed it not to be fair- Oh you vile gods, in Jealous sepernal! You nate It wnen we cnoose to Ile wltn men ( 24-125) It seems as IT Odysseus is the missing piece to everyones problems. The theme of loneliness extracts another major matter-endurance. Odysseus proved himself to be a brave warrior of surviving his loneliness. Penelope endured the suitors aggravating stay. Telemakhos had not faced any major hardships, but he did survive without a father. Odysseus has iron determination. Odysseus perseverance that came after a near- death experience of chilling loneliness helped him return to Ithaka and reunite with his loved ones.

A Weird Experiece :: Personal Narratives Violence Crime Essays

A Weird Experience We were a threesome that late winter. Friday afternoons when Thomas got home at a decent hour he called on the intercom and I went down the hall to their apartment for drinks. Sometimes when he was late Krystal knocked on my door and asked me to come on down and keep her company. Later we might go out to dinner. Or we skipped dinner and just talked and listened to music. Sometimes on Saturdays he took his car and we drove down the Jersey shore or up the Hudson Valley or to Connecticut. Once we went out to The Hamptons where they were looking for a vacation house. Our friendship lasted exactly three months. A lucky number, Krystal said of the three of us. The perfect number. Thomas Milton was an investment banker. After getting his Masters from Harvard Business School, he'd returned to New York to a major firm and at 32 years old had already made $100 million, or close to it. Thomas was tall, handsome, charming—and Jamaican. His beautiful photo model wife, Krystal, was Dominican and rich in her own right. The Miltons had just bought and were remodeling a penthouse in a nearby Central Park West apartment building and would soon be moving from the cooperative. :: Inevitably we ended up talking about what I was calling in those days the great American divider—the color line. Not that Thomas and Krystal initiated our discussions; they said race didn't matter. No, it was I, the white liberal for whom race does matter, who turned an everyday conversation into a social study. I think they were embarrassed at my endless talk about such an immutable situation—they were black and basta, as Thomas once said soon after we met. And in general, he said, people are racists. That's just the way things are. Yet with each racial affront encountered, with each new racist attack reported on TV, with each new case of police humiliation, I returned to the attack. Relentless, I forced them to participate. How long, I asked piously, this chasm between whites and blacks? Why the fears? Why the silence? I often asked that winter why race had to change our relationship? Change everything? And deprive me of what I above all needed—their respect. One evening after a number of cocktails in the sprawling salon of their big 10th floor apartment I asked them point blank what it was like being black here in the city.

An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms Essay

Luc G. Pelletier and Stà ©phanie C. Dion’s report entitled An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms for the Relations Between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behaviors aims to examine the relationship of body dissatisfaction with eating behaviors through a study of the different models of regulation of eating behaviors used by women. The study mainly uses the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework for examination of socio-cultural pressures and the `thin-ideal` as factors for body dissatisfaction and, in turn, body dissatisfaction as a cause of eating-related problems like binge eating, dietary restraint, and bulimia. Lastly, the study also looks at two different levels of motivation to explain the differences in the responses of women to socio-cultural pressures regarding body image, which lead to a difference in eating patterns. These two are the general self-determination or a sense of self-determination toward ones life and self-determination towards eating. Negative body image and its causes and effects have been the subject of many studies during the past decade. Due to its popularity as a topic for research, many of its findings are well-known and accepted by society at present. Among these are the role of media, peers, family, puberty and others in reinforcing the thin ideal, the relationship of women’s perceived discrepancies between their body ideal and body image with their satisfaction with their own body and the effect of negative body images to women’s eating habits. However, a review of the existing literature about body image reveals many interesting and sometimes unexpected findings. The first among these is the main basis of this study, which is self-determination. Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory shows that the level of women’s general self-determination in life may serve as a shield against the effect of the pressure exerted by society for women to be thin. This is interesting because this will show how body-image can be approached as a cyclical issue when joined with the findings on how positive body image can lead to confidence then to a positive self-determination. Second, body image may have an effect on many positive qualities such as attractiveness, success and intelligence. This shows attractiveness as more than just a fixed variable. It is not merely affected by the physical attributes one is born with, but also by how one feels about these physical attributes. Moreover, it emphasizes the gravity of the consequences that either a positive or negative body image may cause. Its affects can extend onto many non-physical aspects of a person’s life. In fact, another research shows that pressures from society to be thin can change individual core beliefs as regards the importance of physical appearance compared with other values. Another interesting finding is that body dissatisfaction may be addressed by either self-reinforcement or by aiming to change one’s appearance. People are more familiar with the second approach, which includes exercising and dieting. However, it is interesting to find that grooming and other forms of self-reinforcement are also used. While these forms of self-reinforcement may have been admitted to be used by people to enhance their self-image, it is not easily identifiable to have a direct correlation to body image. Moreover, this type approach shows a more positive and less destructive way of addressing issues on body image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seven hypotheses were tested in the research. They are stated in the article as follows. First, general self-determination will be negatively associated with both socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity. Second, socio-cultural pressures should be positively linked to the endorsement of society’s beliefs, which, in turn, will positively predict body dissatisfaction. Third, although body dissatisfaction is expected to positively predict both an autonomous and a controlled form of regulation of eating behaviors, it should lead mainly to a controlled regulation of eating. Fourth, the autonomous form of regulation of eating will be positively associated with healthy eating behaviors, whereas the controlled form of regulation will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors. Fifth, general self-determination should be positively associated with the autonomous form of regulation and negatively associated with the controlled form of regulation. Sixth, the autonomous regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with healthy eating behaviors and negatively associated with bulimic symptoms, whereas the controlled regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating and negatively associated with healthy eating behaviors. Finally, healthy eating behaviors should positively predict psychological adjustment, whereas dysfunctional eating should negatively predict psychological adjustment. These hypotheses aim to test the relationship of general self-determination, body image, body dissatisfaction, forms of regulation of eating behaviors, eating habits and psychological adjustment among each other. Methodology The study was done on 447 female students, ages 16 to 54 from two universities—the University of Ottawa and the Carleton University. Of these students 78.2% are taking undergraduate degrees from the University of Ottawa, 20% are graduate students from the same university, while the remaining 1.2% are enrolled at Carleton University. The researchers adopted several scales and indexes to test its hypotheses. Enumerated in the study are the General Motivation Scale (GMS), Teasing Assessment Scale, Body Dissatisfaction Subscale (EDI-BD), Regulation of Eating Behaviors Scale (REBS), Healthy Eating Habits Scale, Dysfunctional Eating (BULIT-R), Psychological Adjustment Index (PAI), Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The tests are composed of statements and questions, which the respondents assess using a Likert scale with around five to seven points for rating. The scales are usually divided in several subscales with equal number of items based on the nature of the hypothesis being tested. They have been previously used in other studies and their reliability and validity have been tested. Results and Discussion The study was able to prove all six hypotheses. These hypotheses will be discussed in three groups. These groups are general self-determination and determinants of body dissatisfaction, general self-determination and forms of regulation of eating behaviors and consequences of the forms of regulation of eating behaviors on psychological adjustment. The last group will be divided into the association of autonomous and controlled eating regulation to healthy and dysfunctional eating habits and the relationship of eating behaviors with psychological adjustment. The first discussion group pertains to the first and second hypotheses. Findings show that general self-determination has a positive association with autonomous regulation of eating behaviors, while it has a negative association with controlled regulation of eating. In relation to this, general self-determination has a negative relation with socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity. On the contrary, socio-cultural pressures about body image and endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity have a positive association, while the latter is positively associated with body dissatisfaction. The cause for this result was explained to be that the more women perceived socio-cultural pressures about body image, the more they internalized societal beliefs about thinness and obesity, which causes them to have body dissatisfaction. However, general self-determination allows them to be more motivated to act according to their own values, rather than be pressured socio-cultural messages of thinness. People with general self-determination are more likely to measure self-worth based on personal growth, meaningful relationships and other intrinsic values, rather than by using extrinsic values such as physical attractiveness. The second discussion group relates to the third and fifth hypotheses. It was found that both autonomous and controlled eating behaviors are good motivational mechanisms and have a positive association to body dissatisfaction. However, the association of controlled regulation, which is ÃŽ ² = .74 is stronger than autonomous regulation’s ÃŽ ² = .14. In addition to this, it was found that general self-determination in life caused them to be self-determined in the regulation of their eating behaviors, which is a specific life domain. The third discussion groups relates to the fourth, fifth and sixth hypotheses. As for the fourth and sixth hypotheses, majority of women who are dissatisfied with their body image eat in a restrictive manner due to the motivation to reduce body dissatisfaction caused by internal pressures such as guilt or shame or external pressures such as media and parents about body image and the endorsement of beliefs about thinness and obesity. Controlled regulation has a positive association with dysfunctional eating behaviors and a negative associated with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, women with greater self-determination tend to have healthy eating habits because they have less probability of perceiving socio-cultural pressures about body image and internalize societal beliefs about thinness and obesity. Unlike its negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors, autonomous regulation has a positive relation to healthy eating behaviors. Lastly, as regards the last hypothesis, positive psychological adjustment are found have a positive connection with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, it has a negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors. The results of the study suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a necessary condition for global psychological adjustment. These findings may provide new approaches to understanding and treating body image-related issues and eating disorders. Having built the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, specialists may focus on increasing self-esteem rather than emphasizing the evils of unhealthy eating habits. They may also begin looking at the motivational perspective introduced in the study and adapt treatment according to what motivates a woman to adopt weight control habits. Summary In summary, the results were interpreted to show that societal pressures and self-determination may be seen as competing factors that determine body dissatisfaction, with societal pressures as the cause for the endorsement of societal beliefs about obesity and thinness, while self-determination as the buffer against it. Both body dissatisfaction and self-determination have an effect on the kind of eating regulation a woman may adopt. This may result to either a healthy or dysfunctional eating habit among women. However, the authors offered an alternative explanation for the results. The explanation is actually a reverse of the second hypotheses. According to the authors, body dissatisfaction may have been the cause for women to endorse society’s belief, rather than the inverse, because such dissatisfaction may lead women to pay more attention socio-cultural pressures about body image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several other topics related to this area of research may be examined in the future. First, researchers can look at satisfaction or dissatisfaction caused by the body image formed relative to the body type of the person with whom a subject has constant contact with. Some people may feel less overweight when placed with obese people than when placed with thin people and vice versa. Second, researchers may delve into more deeply into other means women address body dissatisfaction such as exercise, and determine what factors cause women to choose a certain approach. This may also be related to general self-determination such that researchers may examine which between exercising or other means of addressing body dissatisfaction and dieting, or a combination of both, is used by women with different levels of self-determination. Lastly, the present study may also be replicated using different genders, attributes, and means of addressing body dissatisfaction. Very interesting results may arise from the study of gays and lesbians.

Steel Making Methods

Steel Making Methods | Advantages| Disadvantages| Basic Oxygen Furnaces| * Very high production rates and low residual element * Does not burn fuel| * Good efficiency requires large amount of pig iron to continue production. * Requires costly filtering process due to high levels of pollutants produced. * High refurbishing costs. * High dependence on blast furnace/coking. | Electric Arc Furnaces| * Minimal emissions/pollution. * Filtering of scrap not necessary. * Easy temperature control. * Precise alloying. * Economical to use scrap metal. * Contamination free. * Simultaneous deep deoxidising and desulfurization actions. * Excessive electricity required. * Requires a steady supply of scrap metal * High transportation cost * Enclosures to reduce high sound levels * Dust collector  for furnace off-gas * Slag production * Cooling water demand * Heavy truck traffic for scrap, materials handling, and product| The first step in the process, is to make the steel itself. The most common m ethod of steel making, constituting for over 60% of worldwide production uses a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF). This process includes taking over 75% pig iron and reducing it to a low-carbon steel in an abundance of oxygen.The second type utilises Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs). This involves melting up to 100% recycled scrap and reforming it using the heat produced from electrical arcs between highly charged electrodes. Figure 2 (right & below): EAF Process Figure 2 (right & below): EAF Process Figure 1 (left): BOF Process Figure 1 (left): BOF Process From the table above it is clear to see that without an established, effective transport system that allows for large amounts of scrap metal to be processed, the Basic Oxygen Method has fewer disadvantages.However, as TATA Steel already has an efficient system in place, the most feasible method would be using Electric Arc Furnaces. Despite initial costs, using EAFs save on energy and raw materials, making it more environmental and cost frie ndly in the long run. ‘Whilst a typical integrated (ie. BOF-route) steel mill today costs about $1100 per tonne of installed capacity, a medium-size EAF-route mini-mill today costs under $300 per tonne in terms of the initial capital outlay. ‘1 Casting Methods The next stage in the process is to shape the steel and this is done by casting.Casting involves allowing molten metal to be poured into a mould to it can cool and solidify into a desired shape. The two most common methods of casting are Ingot Casting and Continuous Casting. The first of which is a traditional method that has largely been discontinued in mass production since the 1950s. It involves moulding the steel into bars (or ingots) before being reshaped and treated. Continuous casting however misses out the ingot stage and skips straight to having the metal in the form of slabs, billets or blooms for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills.Figure 4 (left): Continuous Casting Process Figure 4 (left): Contin uous Casting Process Figure 3 (left): Ingot Casting Process Figure 3 (left): Ingot Casting Process Because Continuous Casting is basically an â€Å"evolved† version of Ingot Casting, there are now little or no advantages of Ingot Casting. Continuous Casting is more advantageous because: * Reduced overall costs * Improved quality  of steel due to less variability in chemical composition both along the thickness and along the length and surface has fewer defects. * Increased yield, since it is not necessary to crop the ends of continuously cast slabs. Reduced energy costs  because the slabs are sent directly to hot rolling and do not require pits for reheating. Also, the thicknesses of continuously cast slabs are half the thickness of ingot castings and thus require lower energy for hot rolling. * Less pollution/emissions. * More amenability over the dimensions. Because of all this, the clearly logical method to use for mass production is Continuous Casting because for some thing as mass produced as Automotive Gears, the initial investment spent on start up costs would be quickly made up.Case Hardening Methods Case hardening crucial for steel components that are subjected to severe or continuous impacts, high temperatures and high pressures. It is a heat treatment process that produces the required attributes of a hard, wear and fatigue resistant surface layer whilst maintaining a tough, durable core that allows for high stress situations. These properties are achieved by altering the chemical, metallurgical and physical properties of the components exterior without affecting its more ductile interior.For gears, case hardening is required to prevent pitting and deformation of the gears teeth under cyclic stresses. This method is preferred to through hardening, which is the uniform hardening of the entire component, as hardened metal is relatively less ductile and although strong, would not offer the same degree of toughness desired at its core. There a re several different case hardening techniques used in the manufacturing industry. The different methods determine which physical properties, (such as surface hardness, strength, ductility, case depth and wear resistance) the component gets.This can be done by altering temperatures, heat source, time period, and quench media. Carburising This is a diffusion-based process used on low-carbon or mild steels where a component is subjected to thermochemical phases. The component is packed in a carbon-rich environment at high temperatures, commonly between 870oC and 1010oC, for over a period of time until the carbon composition of the surface layer has chemically increased. At this stage the iron phase changes from ferrite to austenite, a state that is able to dissolve more carbon.The component is then quenched in water or a oil based solution, which is a rapid cooling process that produces a hard surface layer, where volume expansion on the surface is greater than the core thereby compre ssing the surface, locking the carbon atoms, transforming the iron phase to a martensitic state which ultimately improves its overall tensile and yield strength. This method requires the entire component to be heated and quenched, therefore protecting the component with a protective layer to case harden specific sections is necessary.There are two types of carburizing methods used in the manufacturing industries, namely atmosphere carburizing and vacuum carburising, the former being the more commonly used as it has the ability to produce high volume output and has lower capital equipment costs, while vacuum carburising offers a more uniform case depth which in turn reduces distortion as well as the ability to reach higher temperatures therefore reducing processing times. Induction Heating This is a process of passing an alternating current through a coil around the component to generate a magnetic field, where eddy currents are induced.This along with the resistivity of steel compon ents generates heat, austenitising the surface of the component. The depth to which case hardening occurs is determined by the frequency of the current, such that lower frequencies creates a deeper hardened material. This method allows for localised case hardening of the gear tooth with its core material still unaltered. The gear surface is then similarly quenched in water or an oil based solution, transforming it to a martensite.Single-shot hardening is where the entire component is heated in one procedure whilst progressive hardening involves the heating and quenching processes progressively. Induction heating is a relatively fast process that offers accurate heating at precise sections, minimising distortion as well as causes minimal changes to the geometry of the gear, as well as faster cooling rates that creates harder surface layers. Figure 5 (left): Carburising Process Figure 5 (left): Carburising Process Figure 6 (right): Induction Heating Process Figure 6 (right): Induction Heating Process The Strength of Automotive GearsThe simplest method of calculating the strength necessary of any gear is to consider the maximum load on the tip of a single gear tooth. The Lewis Equation can be used to calculate a relatively accurate minimum UTS needed from the steel tooth with non-complex dimensions. In the automotive industry, varieties of different steels are made specifically for different components in different vehicles. The steel grades used on conventional cars can generally withstand a minimum of 750MPa whereas motorsport and military vehicles are made with much more superior grades, some able to withstand up to 2050MPa.Hardenability Results Using SEP1664 The SEP1664 model can be used to find the hardness at a series of depths, following case hardening, for 11 different steel types. The Rockwell hardness (HRC) at a given depth is found using the following equation: HRC=a0+a1mC+a2mSi+a3mMn+a4mP+a5mS+a6mCr+a7mMo+a8mNi+a9mAl+a10mCu+a11mN+a12mB+a13mTi+a14mV a0 -14 are coefficients available in the SEP1664 tables and mX is the mass proportion of additive X. A spreadsheet was created which used a VBA macro to find steel compositions that met the hardenability criteria by trial and error.Several percentage masses for each additive within the range specified by the SEP1664 tables were tested. Solutions were sorted in order of increasing raw material cost. This macro was run for each of the 11 steel types. Three steel types were found to be too hard. Of the remaining eight, there was sufficient data to evaluate hardness at all the required depths for four. For the other four it was possible to infer from the hardness trend that steel could be produced which was suitable for all depth levels.The cheapest result was for the steel type specified as being approximately 1% chromium by mass (tables 1a and 1b from the SEP1664 model) at $161. 67 per tonne. For this alloy the hardness at 11mm depth was borderline acceptable. The additives making the gr eatness contribution to hardness were determined so they could be varied to give a greater margin for error. The importance of each additive at each depth could be found from the equation by multiplying the coefficient by the additive amount (i. e. evaluating the relevant anmX term) and calculating its percentage contribution to the total hardness.The three most important additives for each depth level and the relative importance of the different additives at 11mm depth are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Table 2: The Three Most Important Additives In Terms Of Contribution To HRC For Each Depth Importance| 1. 5| 3| 5| 7| 9| 11| 13| 15| 20| 25| 30| #1| C| C| C| Cr| Cr| Cr| Cr| Cr| Cr| Cr| Cr| #2| Mn| Cr| Cr| C| C| C| C| C| C| C| C| #3| N| Mn| N| Mn| Mn| Mn| Mn| Mn| Mn| Mn| Mn| Table 3: Relative Additive Contributions To HRC At 11mm Depth C| Si| Mn| P| S| Cr| Mo| Ni| Al| Cu| N| 40. 1%| 0. 7%| 13. 9%| 0. 0%| 0. %| 40. 6%| 0. 0%| 0. 1%| 4. 3%| 0. 2%| 0. 0%| Adjusting the appr opriate additives gave a greater margin for error for a small increase in cost ($2. 32 per tonne, total cost $163. 99 per tonne). The composition of this steel is shown in Table 3. A plot of HRC against depth is shown in Figure 1 along with the hardenability criteria, it can be seen that the hardness, which tends to decrease with depth following case hardening, is very unlikely to exceed the stipulated maximum hardness at the depths for which data is unavailable, no minimum hardness is stipulated for these depths.A Jominy test is recommended on a sample of this steel, once it has been manufactured, to ensure that the hardenability criteria are met. The amount of carbon, chromium and manganese must be controlled to within 3% of the given values, tight control is not necessary for other additives. Table 4: Chosen Steel Composition Additive| C| Si| Mn| P| S| Cr| Mo| Ni| Al| Cu| N| Amount| 0. 248%| 0. 02%| 0. 63%| 0. 004%| 0. 038%| 0. 947%| 0. 005%| 0. 010%| 0. 051%| 0. 017%| 0. 0148%| Figure 7: Hardenability Curve For Chosen Steel (Blue) And Cheapest Steel (Red), The Criteria Are Shown In Black

Free Essays on Gregor Vs. Mulan

Mulan vs. Gregor Samsa Solitude is a very key part in a hero’s journey to their final destination or goal. Often we find that heroes are subjected to periods of solitude en route to their acts or situations that could classify them as a hero. It helps to portray the hero as a person the reader can connect with not just some character in a story. Everyone has experienced some form of solitude or loneliness in his or her lives at some point; and in this way we can more easily relate to the hero. It helps the reader to view them not simply as some mythical superman but as a person that could quite easily be in the same room as them. Webster’s dictionary has several definitions for hero. One of them is that of an illustrious warrior. This definition comes to fruition in the ancient Chinese poem from around 500 A.D. â€Å"Mu-lan†. It is about a warrior woman Fa Mu Lan that leaves her family behind and disguises herself as a boy in order to fight in a war. She is gone for 12 years fighting side by side with thousands of her comrades, never revealing her true self to them. Only in the end to the other soldiers, much to their amazement, find out that she is a girl. Webster’s also defines a hero as the principal male character in a literary or dramatic work. It also defines hero as a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities. This is the case in Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis†. In Kafka’s story the main character, Gregor Samsa, awakens one morning to find that he has transformed into a large bug. After his family finds out about their son’s great misfortune they are not sure how to treat this change. Therefore Gregor is confined to his room with little or no contact with the rest of his family. Only on several occasions does he have any contact with his family and others. These incidents usually do not end well for Gregor. One even leading to his demise. While these two stories are ent... Free Essays on Gregor Vs. Mulan Free Essays on Gregor Vs. Mulan Mulan vs. Gregor Samsa Solitude is a very key part in a hero’s journey to their final destination or goal. Often we find that heroes are subjected to periods of solitude en route to their acts or situations that could classify them as a hero. It helps to portray the hero as a person the reader can connect with not just some character in a story. Everyone has experienced some form of solitude or loneliness in his or her lives at some point; and in this way we can more easily relate to the hero. It helps the reader to view them not simply as some mythical superman but as a person that could quite easily be in the same room as them. Webster’s dictionary has several definitions for hero. One of them is that of an illustrious warrior. This definition comes to fruition in the ancient Chinese poem from around 500 A.D. â€Å"Mu-lan†. It is about a warrior woman Fa Mu Lan that leaves her family behind and disguises herself as a boy in order to fight in a war. She is gone for 12 years fighting side by side with thousands of her comrades, never revealing her true self to them. Only in the end to the other soldiers, much to their amazement, find out that she is a girl. Webster’s also defines a hero as the principal male character in a literary or dramatic work. It also defines hero as a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities. This is the case in Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis†. In Kafka’s story the main character, Gregor Samsa, awakens one morning to find that he has transformed into a large bug. After his family finds out about their son’s great misfortune they are not sure how to treat this change. Therefore Gregor is confined to his room with little or no contact with the rest of his family. Only on several occasions does he have any contact with his family and others. These incidents usually do not end well for Gregor. One even leading to his demise. While these two stories are ent...

A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet

Elderabeth Bennett's personal character analysis through Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice refers to the rare personality of Elizabeth Bennett; many people have mentioned that while she was considered an atypical woman . Witness, courage, self-reliance, and feminist's views all explain the most special pattern of women. Pride and prejudice is a humorous novel about the trial of marriage in the early 18th century. It focuses on the behavior of two couples - Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. At Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice there are many important people and readers in touch with Mr. Elizabeth, Mr. Bennett, Mrs. Bennett, Mr. Darcy and Mr. Charlie Greeley, but there are also some small people in this story. It is very important. Through pride and prejudice, Jane Austin plays an important role in these hero's life in these small characters, and uses it to act as a symbol of a certain theme. - In 1969, Elizabeth Cubreros began a discussion dialogue on death and death. Jane Austen depi cts Elizabeth Bennett as a wise, independent, strong character, soft and feminine. Cruel and dominant personality is left to someone like Mrs. Catherine. In Jane Austen's novel pride and prejudice, Mrs. Catherine and Elizabeth Bennett are the opposite. Elizabeth is a real and splendid character that strengthens all her strength and independence and creates ideal stability between her emotions and reality. Her passion and overwhelming ability to stick to her abilities is to introduce her ability to supervise weak, innocent and dominant people. Elizabeth proved her bold ability at the meeting with Mrs. Catherine, which led to a struggle between respect and independence. Essay.com/Pride and Prejudice - Explains the difference between Lady Catherine and Elizabeth Bennet Elizabeth's personality in Pride and Prejudice In her novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen depicted Elizabeth Bennett as fascinating in a powerful, intelligent but completely feminine manner There. Elizabeth has these attributes: character and moral integrity, power of wonderful wisdom and charming personality, making her a fine person. But Elizabeth has faults, which makes her more human. - Elizabeth's character in arrogance and prejudice Among her novels pride and prejudice Jane Austen embodies the harmonious balance of women's reason and emotion using Elizabeth Bennett's role and makes her real I have to. A praised and charming character. The strength of Elizabeth's personality is in stark contrast to Jane's weakness, innocence tolerance, instability of Mrs Bennett's instability and excessive emphasis, and believers of Kitty's blind weakness.

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economics - Assignment Example (Anderson and Cavangh, 2004)Â   The unemployment rate accelerated from 9.7 percent to 9.8 per cent in September 2009. The US economy had lost 7.2m jobs since the beginning of the crisis in 2007 and about 15.1 million people were looking for jobs. The worst hit was the construction sector, which witnessed as many as 64,000 job losses. The manufacturing and the retail sectors were no exceptions where the employer cut down were 51,000 and 39,000 respectively. In this scenario of joblessness, where the growth in the unemployment rate was showing a northward trend I had to come up with a policy to address the issue on a more serious note. There is no doubt about the fact that outsourcing enhances globalization and opens trade which has been proved to be beneficial for both the parties engaged in it but at the same time it reduces the number of jobs available to the domestic workers. So a policy implication has to be made to stop outsourcing of jobs.(Anderson and cavangh , 2004) To overco me the unemployment issue in the country I have come up policies, which would stop outsourcing of work.